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Christopher Voci

Fate and Transport and Hydrogeological Characterization

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Hydrogeological characterization and fate and transport modeling affects the performance of any remediation technology deployed at a site. To effectively remediate a site and optimize the use of time and resources, contamination must be sufficiently characterized using sound judgment to interpret available data. By delineating and understanding the geology and hydrogeology, our experts design strong conceptual site models, remediate groundwater, and employ beneficial reuse of sediments.

Detection & Culturing of Microbes for Environmental Applications

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Geosyntec is a reliable partner for creative, cost-effective and successful bioremediation solutions because we approach remediation with an environmental management perspective. For each client, we develop a clear understanding of how to achieve best-value outcomes using the most appropriate technologies and environmental management strategies for each project. Bioremediation harnesses the natural characteristics and abilities of microbes to clean contaminated soil and groundwater. Our skilled practitioners use a wide array of methods to stimulate the growth of certain microbes that use contaminants as a source of food and energy. Contaminants treated using bioremediation can include oil and other petroleum products, solvents, and pesticides. Geosyntec scientists pioneered the use of bioaugmentation to profoundly refashion in situ biodegradation processes in soil and groundwater. In addition, our scientists remain active in applied research and development with U.S. Department of Defense remediation programs, NASA, the University of Toronto, Cornell University, the Georgia Institute of Technology, and other strategic partners examining future applications and enhancements to bioremediation techniques. Our practitioners also are engaged in ongoing research that examines remedial solutions that tap into the power of metals biogeochemistry and chemical oxidation as well as new techniques for wastewater treatment, vapor intrusion mitigation, and the treatment of energetic, chlorinated, and recalcitrant compounds and dense nonaqueous phase liquids, or DNAPLs. Through our environmental technology research and testing laboratory, SiREM, Geosyntec also provides the tools environmental professionals need to optimize the remediation of chlorinated solvents and other recalcitrant chemicals. As an industry leader, SiREM provides unparalleled technical support combined with a unique range of products and testing services that save our clients money, increases remediation effectiveness, and provide peace of mind during their field implementation of bioremediation solutions. Two of our leading bioaugmentation cultures, KB-1® and KB-1® Plus, have been used for well over a decade to enhance bioremediation of chlorinated solvents at impacted sites throughout the world. These cultures introduce beneficial microorganisms to remedial sites where they are absent or at low concentrations.

Waste Management and Minimization Services

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Municipal and private clients turn to Geosyntec to solve complex problems involving a wide array of solid waste management issues. We guide clients through the technical, regulatory, and public relations aspects of municipal solid waste, construction and demolition waste, nonhazardous industrial solid waste, hazardous waste, and other waste classes. Because Geosyntec’s waste management professionals span disciplines, from geologists and engineers to environmental management, due diligence consultants, and environmental, social, and governance (ESG) professionals, we offer solid waste clients a comprehensive understanding of their systems and a full suite of services to address their challenges. Recognized as leaders in their fields, our team has worked with clients on more than 2,000 landfill, environmental, and geotechnical projects throughout the United States over the last three decades. From siting and permitting to closure construction, clean closure, and post-closure monitoring and care, we address the complete life cycle of a project. We also offer waste mining consulting services to help our clients redevelop former waste management facilities. Because our clients are increasingly driven to improve performance, minimize waste, secure value for money, achieve required returns, and optimize the use of assets, we equip them with a deep understanding of market drivers and operational issues. Our advisory specialists translate technical and commercial issues into financial analyses, valuations, and support for financial models, with clear recommendations made for our clients’ benefit, without bias to a particular vendor, service, or product. Our services include the following: Design, permitting, construction, maintenance, decommissioning, and closure of transfer stations, materials recovery facilities, convenience centers, waste-to-energy plants, surface impoundments, and landfills Groundwater, leachate, and landfill gas management Waste minimization and diversion, including recycling programs and organics collection Carbon credits and ESG issues Financial modeling and cost/benefit analyses Waste flow analysis, composition, and generation studies Regulatory compliance Economic liability and long-term environmental liability evaluation and management Strategic planning

Solid, Industrial, and Hazardous Waste Disposal Facilities

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Geosyntec is a recognized leader in helping our clients achieve safe, secure containment of their regulated wastes requiring land disposal.  We provide engineering and related services for siting, permitting, design, construction management/quality assurance, environmental monitoring, and closure/post-closure care. We are experienced in the design of: Municipal solid waste and construction and demolition debris disposal facilities Coal combustion residuals disposal facilities Industrial waste disposal facilities Hazardous waste disposal facilities The applied research of our leading practitioners for U.S. EPA, DOE, and industry associations has defined the state-of-the-practice for more than 30 years.  As a result, Geosyntec is often first-to-field with emerging technologies related to the secure, safe containment of our nation’s solid, industrial, and hazardous wastes.  Many of the waste containment system design methodologies that we pioneered in the 1980s, 1990s, and 2000s are today the standards of practice in the field. Using experience gained on projects at more than 400 facilities nationwide, we develop practical approaches to design and construction challenges associated with liner and cover systems, leachate and gas management, construction/waste filling/closure sequencing, and geotechnical and earthquake stability. We apply advanced concepts in geotechnical engineering and ground improvement methods to design foundations for sites that have poor structural characteristics or significant geological hazards. We have also pioneered the use of earth retention systems in the design of landfills to maximize airspace volume within limited property boundaries. We are working with our clients to develop approaches for the next generation of integrated waste management practices.  Emerging processes that take advantage of currently available technologies include renewable energy development, enhanced waste separation and processing, enhanced waste degradation through active biological processes, and resource recovery. Integration of conventional and emerging practices is often necessary to meet the complex demands of a community. We work with clients to develop strategic and tactical plans to solve their future MSW management challenges and meet cost, compliance, and service objectives.

Facility Decontamination and Decommissioning

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Geosyntec's engineers and scientists aid many clients in the decommissioning and remediation of power plants, refineries, military facilities, NASA storage and assembly areas, and chemical manufacturing and distribution facilities. We also consult on the remediation and closure of dozens of industrial waste and solid waste containment facilities regulated under the Comprehensive Environmental Response, Compensation, and Liability Act (CERCLA) and the Resource Conservation and Recovery Act (RCRA). Notably, Geosyntec practitioners were key members of the Closure Project Team for the U.S. Department of Energy's (DOE) Fernald Feed Production Center in Ohio, tasked with overseeing the removal of 31 million pounds of processed nuclear product, decontamination and demolition of 223 buildings, and removal of 8,900 cubic yards of radium-bearing waste. For this project, Geosyntec designed a hallmark on-site disposal facility (OSDF) to safely contain low-level radioactive waste and hazardous waste generated during the demolition and site cleanup process. We were selected as the engineer-of-record for the permitting, design, and quality assurance/quality control (QA/QC) services during construction, filling, and closure of the OSDF. The result is a secure 65-acre, eight-cell waste containment facility containing 2.95 million cubic yards of materials and capable of lasting at least 200 years, and up to 1,000 years to the extent achievable with available technology. At Fernald, Geosyntec redefined how modern containment systems could be used to securely dispose of hazardous and low-level radioactive waste. We have since been tasked with the design and construction of new OSDFs at both the DOE's Portsmouth and Paducah Gaseous Diffusion Plants in Ohio and Kentucky, respectively. In addition, Geosyntec engineers and scientists have contributed heavily to asset retirement and conversion services for the electric power industry. For a former waste-to-energy generating facility in Florida, we prepared the preliminary remedial design for a 60-acre site regulated under CERCLA. Our services included construction management, third-party construction quality assurance oversight, and laboratory testing services as well as oversight of the demolition of two incinerators, a 200-foot water tower, and miscellaneous process and administrative buildings. Our optimization of the remedy led to minimized construction costs and approval of design modifications, resulting in client cost savings in excess of $1.5 million. We also provided valuable assistance in negotiating construction claims, which resulted in additional client savings. For another client undergoing a large-scale renovation and expansion of a coal-fired power plant, Geosyntec performed pre-demolition hazardous materials assessments and coordinated the facility's coal handling/processing structure demolition. We subsequently provided implementation design, bidding support, oversight, and documentation of soil remedial action plans, coordinating it with demolition and renovation/expansion activities. By supporting the client and demolition/ construction contractors with time-critical waste profiling, segregation, and management and by acting as regulatory liaison, we helped maintain the project's crucial renovation and expansion schedule. Geosyntec worked with the City of Coral Gables, Florida to prepare the design and bid package for the demolition of a waste-to-energy incinerator and 50-ft tall stack that contained elevated concentrations of lead, arsenic, and dioxins. Our significant experience in the assessment, characterization, and ultimate disposal of incinerator ash helped our client remove the stigma that the site once had in the community and positioned the property for commercial redevelopment. Geosyntec has provided single-sourced services for clients planning to decommission and demolish industrial manufacturing facilities with the intent to obtain regulatory closure in support of the future sale of the property. At these facilities, Geosyntec performed site characterization, decommissioning, decontamination, hazardous building material assessments, oversight of abatement, development of bid documents and bid support, construction management, construction quality assurance, and oversight of scrap/asset recovery. Single-sourced services reduced the clients cost and time to obtain closure by requiring fewer contracts to administer and fewer consultant/contractor interfaces to manage. The coordination of the work is placed with one consultant - Geosyntec. At a former catalyst manufacturing facility in Southern California that produced catalyst for use in petroleum refining, Geosyntec assisted the client in preparing the site for sale as part of their plan for consolidating their manufacturing capabilities into one facility. Geosyntec performed decommissioning and decontaminating support, hazardous building material surveys, oversight of abatement and demolition, Phase I and Phase II site characterization and soil remediation, and obtained regulatory closure.  After Geosyntec completed the work and obtained the regulatory closure, the client sold the property as planned.  Geosyntec has successfully provided similar services to other industrial clients for facilities that include former electrical transformer manufacturing, oil and chemical refining and processing, and aerospace fastener manufacturing. One measure of the value of Geosyntec's services is the repeat business with clients. For example, the client with the catalyst manufacturing facility in Southern California contracted with Geosyntec to perform similar, additional decommissioning and demolition services at their Northern California manufacturing plant.

Radiological Waste Management and Disposal Facilities

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Geosyntec's practitioners work with regulators and stakeholders to develop solutions for a range of radiological challenges, including waste management and disposal, waste packaging and transportation, facility decontamination and decommissioning (D&D), and environmental restoration for government and private clients. Our established credibility with regulators contributes to securing the approvals needed to move demanding projects forward in a timely manner. Engineering and designing containment facilities for the safe, long-term disposal of radiological and mixed (radiological and hazardous) wastes challenges the norms in terms of technology demonstration, design life, and material performance. The extremely long half-lives of many radionuclides present in these wastes mean that the radiological characteristics of these materials will be persistent over long periods of time. This requires that they be disposed and managed in a controlled manner as a disposal facility ages. The levels of radioactivity within the waste disposed of in a facility also need to be considered during the long-term evaluations, or performance assessments. Geosyntec has conducted performance assessments under several different regulatory settings to demonstrate that the disposal facilities are protective of human health and the environment, assessing both internal risks as the waste decays within the disposal facility and external to disposal facilities as the performance of the landfill construction materials age and are modeled at very long times (e.g., hundreds to thousands of years) to eventually transmit leachate and contaminants to the underlying geology. The results of the performance assessments are crucial towards our clients understanding of their design choices and future liabilities. When the U.S. Department of Energy (DOE) decided to decommission its nuclear weapons complex facilities at Fernald, Ohio, they relied on our expertise to design and provide construction quality assurance services for the low-level radioactive waste disposal facilities built to contain impacted soils and demolition debris. Geosyntec met aggressive DOE schedule requirements and delivered award-winning, state-of-the-art facilities with a design life of at least 200 years using currently available technology. In doing so, we helped DOE and its contractor teams complete site closure years ahead of their original schedules, and billions below the original estimate. When DOE decided to decommission its nuclear weapons complex facility at Portsmouth, Ohio, Geosyntec was again tapped to provide design and permitting for the on-site waste disposal facility. Geosyntec has also successfully assisted clients in the related practice area of management and containment of by-products and wastes that contain naturally occurring radioactive materials (NORM) associated with ore processing residuals. For example, a multinational company owned a processing facility with NORM and Technologically Enhanced Naturally Occurring Radioactive Material (TENORM) containing uranium and thorium impacts to buildings, equipment, and process area soils. Geosyntec assessed and characterized site conditions, then designed a secure, on-site disposal facility, dismantled ore processing equipment, and impacted soils. Our design addressed the liner and cover containment systems; sequencing for constructing, filling, and closing the facility; facility operation and maintenance; and post-closure environmental monitoring. The requirement to consider a performance over a period of more than 10,000 years led to significant challenges in design and modeling of the disposal facility. As the general contractor for the project, we implemented a stringent construction and radiological safety program. This included establishing and operating an on-site radiological laboratory capable of measuring gross alpha/beta activity and gamma spectroscopy on debris, impacted soils, airborne particulates, and water. When complete, over 11,000 loads of excavated soils and plant debris (or 75,000 cubic meters) were transported and disposed of in the facility and more than 87,000 drums were retrieved, processed, transported and disposed. The project was completed with more than 1 million man-hours without either a lost-time accident or a radiological incident, a testament to the importance of safety and the safety culture that Geosyntec has established.

Contaminated Media Investigations & Assessments

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Geosyntec applies reliable and innovative approaches to contaminated media investigations and assessments. We help clients address a wide array of known and emerging contaminants in soil, sediment, and groundwater. We also conduct site evaluations and discover the sources of air emissions, subsurface vapor intrusion into buildings, and contaminants in surface waters. Our assessment specialists include some of the most respected and sought-after professionals in the environmental remediation industry. They possess the experience and technical skills to conceptualize and implement all aspects of contaminated media assessments and remediation programs. Using a multidisciplinary approach, Geosyntec brings together nationally recognized, in-house specialists in civil and geotechnical engineering, ecology and biological sciences, risk assessment and applied toxicology, and earth sciences to address the complex issues associated with contaminated media. Our contaminated site practitioners guide our clients through specialized remediation plans, consult on regulatory strategies, and develop comprehensive cleanup approaches. We address numerous types of media, including contaminated soil, sediment, and groundwater. Contaminated Media Services

Groundwater Extraction and Treatment Systems

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Geosyntec Consultants is a global leader in the assessment and remediation of soil and groundwater impacted by a broad range of contaminants.

Management Systems Services

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Whether it's due to customer, shareholder, or regulator-requirements, transitional workforce challenges, or some other reason, organizations are seeking to develop, implement, maintain, and improve upon their systems for environmental, safety and health, and sustainability management. Limited resources and management system expertise within the organizations can be a road block. Geosyntec's comprehensive understanding of our clients' operations paired with our expertise in management system development and implementation allow us to provide our clients with innovative and cost-effective solutions for identifying, prioritizing, and managing more efficiently the environmental, safety and health, and sustainability risks and opportunities associated with their operations. Our management system experts offer clients a broad array of services, including policy development support, system element gap analysis, document and training material development, performance monitoring data analysis, trending, and visualization, information management system design and optimization, system auditing, nonconformance correction planning including root cause analysis, and management review and third-party certification preparation. Our projects routinely involve organizations with multiple and varied facilities, multi-cultural stakeholders, and transient workforces. Through our work, Geosyntec's clients improve performance and achieve their operational goals. Geosyntec's management system implementation programs are tailored to meet the needs of each client resulting in a smooth integration and minimized operational disruption. Geosyntec's strategy for new management systems is to learn about existing processes and procedures and develop a simple manual that cross-references to other processes and programs within the organization. We then work with the organization to customize the system and procedures. A management system developed in partnership with Geosyntec is a good fit from the start and is flexible to evolve with the organization. For our clients with existing management systems, Geosyntec offers support with routine auditing and maintenance, system improvement, gap analysis with updated standards, developing and implementing corrective actions, and transitioning to new and/or revised standards. Our management system specialists include individuals with technical expertise across a broad range of disciplines who have studied and are training in management systems and who have worked in industry under management systems. We have experience with systems that conform to the ISO, OHSAS, RC, and EPA compliance-focused management system standards. The ISO 14001 standard for Environmental Management and the ISO 45001 standard for Occupational Safety and Health are widely used in manufacturing. Geosyntec is experienced in performing gap analyses of existing systems to determine what steps are needed to comply with these standards. We also perform internal audits, develop site-specific lists of legal requirements, develop standard operating procedures, and assist with corrective and preventative actions to improve management systems.

Environmental Permitting and Compliance

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Geosyntec provides a diverse portfolio of services to our public and private clients to improve their environmental and financial performance, manage risk, and reduce environmental liabilities consistent with their financial and stewardship goals. Our professionals have significant corporate, consulting, and government work experience and specialize in each of these sectors. Accordingly, we understand our clients' challenges and needs and provide appropriate solutions that consistently reduce risk exposure and add value to the bottom-line. Geosyntec delivers solutions in many areas of environmental compliance support, auditing, management systems, environmental studies and cleanup, infrastructure engineering and design, and natural resources assessment and restoration. We have completed nearly 10,000 projects worldwide with an outstanding and always improving safety record. Our experience delivers on the potential of innovative applications of proven and emerging technologies. Dynamic environmental laws, regulations, standards, and guidance demand a proactive approach in order for businesses to minimize environmental risk while maintaining economic benefit. Geosyntec's Environmental Management practitioners help our clients manage existing and potential liability associated with environmental, health and safety issues. Our clients have included utilities, government agencies, and companies in agriculture, manufacturing (chemical, food products, and technology), transportation, waste management, retail, and property development/management. Geosyntec assists clients with a variety of environmental compliance services. These services range from proactive to defensive/corrective, including the following: NPDES permitting support Air permitting support Toxics Release Inventory (TRI) reporting RCRA program development and implementation Environmental auditing program development and implementation Environmental performance measurement

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