Prior waste disposal practices and stormwater runoff into Onondaga Lake, a 4.6 square-mile lake just northwest of Syracuse in central New York State, impacted water quality and sediments throughout the water body. As a result, stakeholders including U.S. EPA, New York State Department of Environmental Conservation, and industries with past operations in the vicinity of the lake began the process of negotiating a Consent Decree that would result in the restoration of lake water quality and ensuring that impacted sediments posed no undue threat to future human health or the ecology of the lake.