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Peter Bannister

Hydropower Licensing and Compliance

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To help clients achieve stringent water quality goals, Geosyntec provides rigorous assessment and modeling services to assess the sources and factors that affect the delivery of critical pollutants across watersheds. Through our comprehensive studies and analyses, we provide technically defensible tools and approaches that can be used in the development of Total Maximum Daily Load (TMDL) calculations and watershed protection plans. In addition, we frequently turn to Use Attainability Analyses to examine site-specific water quality criteria that affect attainability goals under natural, human-caused, and economic conditions. Our hydrodynamic and water-quality models integrate inputs from point and nonpoint sources to support our engineers and scientists as they study impacts on water quality in receiving water. These models allow us to understand the assimilative capacities of a given body of water, propose best management practices that can affect pollutant impacts, and predict the time required for a system to recover after being altered. Using watershed studies, water quality monitoring, and hydrological and hydrodynamic modeling, we also can assess compliance with local, state, and federal water quality standards. Using all this information, we are better able to evaluate the magnitude, frequency, and duration of impacts of a wide variety of pollutant sources. Our practitioners offer extensive experience with geographic information system applications for spatial analysis, planimetric and thematic mapping, and data representation. We employ watershed models including the Watershed Characterization System (WCS), Better Assessment Science Integrating Point and Nonpoint Sources (BASINS), and the Watershed Assessment Model (WAMView). We also employ the Water Quality Analysis Simulation Program (WASP), the Environmental Fluid Dynamics Code (EFDC), and the Stream Water Quality Model (QUAL2K) for hydrodynamic and water-quality models. Our practitioners are at the forefront of policy analyses, regulatory compliance, and technology applications that promote sustainable water resources management and ecosystem restoration. We have extensive experience helping local governments develop and negotiate long-term control plans for combined sewer overflows, National Pollutant Discharge Elimination System (NPDES) permits, and consent orders. We also comment on Clean Water Act issues at the state and national level, including the development of new recreational use criteria for water bodies across the county and for the U.S. Environmental Protection Agency's new framework for integrated planning for wastewater and stormwater.

Groundwater Assessment and Remediation

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Geosyntec’s expertise in efficient site characterization, including sites that exhibit complex groundwater-flow regimes, has distinguished our firm as a leader in groundwater assessment and groundwater remediation. Our practitioners address a broad suite of contaminants, including metals, chlorinated organic chemicals, petroleum hydrocarbons, and emerging contaminants, and use award-winning, technology-based remediation strategies that are often first-to-field. Many of our hydrogeologists specialize in modeling the fate and transport of contaminants through the most difficult types of media, including fractured and karst bedrock.

Overview of Contaminated Site Assessment and Cleanup

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Geosyntec practitioners rank among the world's top professionals in providing site assessment and remediation services at a wide range of impacted sites using innovative technologies and solutions that consistently advance the state of the practice. Through our use of innovative technologies and solutions, we provide our public and private sector clients with a wide array of services to address their toughest challenges. Our contaminated site practitioners guide our clients through a specialized remediation plan, consult on regulatory strategies, and develop a comprehensive cleanup approach. We can address numerous types of media, including contaminated soils, sediments, and groundwater. Advancing the State of the Practice Geosyntec's practitioners are pioneers in site assessment and remediation. Our senior practitioners have developed and authored guidance material and courses for local, state, and national agencies and associations on remediation techniques and technologies. Working with the Interstate Technical Regulatory Council, Geosyntec practitioners taught a training course on vapor intrusion, including mitigation options for the development of vapor-impacted brownfield sites. Geosyntec practitioners also wrote the guidance document on evaluating, optimizing, or ending post-closure care at impacted sites, including brownfield sites, and developed a patented approach for sub-slab vapor migration mitigation allowing residential, commercial, and industrial development on sites impacted by vapor intrusion. Our specialists routinely collaborate with prominent national researchers from academia and government agencies to provide innovative and defensible strategies for sites with contaminated sediments. For example, we collaborated with the United States Geological Survey (USGS) to remediate chlorinated solvent-contaminated marsh sediments by applying a bioreactive mat system embedded with a dehalogenating microbial consortium, a technology Geosyntec helped develop. This project and partnership earned our client recognition as a finalist for the Service to America Medal awarded by the Partnership for Public Service. Through a collaborative research project with the University of Florida, Geosyntec professionals helped develop the FLUCL software package for the Florida Department of Environmental Protection. This software is used to calculate exposure point concentration statistics in risk assessment and was the first of its kind to contain algorithms for censored datasets. FLUCL has received endorsements from several United States Environmental Protection Agency regions and the California Environmental Protection Agency. Geosyntec scientists also pioneered the use of genetic molecular tools to characterize microbes in environmental media and are engaged in applied research and development with top academic institutions around the world, including the University of Toronto, Cornell University, and the Georgia Institute of Technology.

Infrastructure Planning, Engineering, and Design

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Across industries and project types, delivery is increasingly shaped by regulatory complexity, environmental constraints, stakeholder expectations, and the need to accelerate schedules while managing costs.

Hydrogeological Characterization & Modeling

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Understanding how water interacts with the surface and subsurface environment at any contaminated location is critical to designing innovative and cost-effective remediation systems and site-management strategies. By delineating and understanding the geology and hydrogeology affecting contaminated sites, our experts design strong conceptual site models and groundwater-remediation programs. Ultimately, hydrogeological characterization and modeling affects the performance of any remediation technologies deployed as a solution.

Environmental Forensic Studies

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Drawing on decades of experience in chemistry, biochemistry, ecology, and biology, our engineers and scientists conduct field and laboratory investigations to identify or characterize biological and chemical challenges impacting soil, sediment, groundwater, surface water, and waste.

Conceptual Site Model Development

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Developing an accurate conceptual site model (CSM) is paramount to understanding and interpreting contaminant fate and transport in the subsurface. One of the main reasons that site remediation fails or produces less than optimal outcomes is a reliance on an overly simplified CSM.

Remediation System Operation & Optimization

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The operation of expensive remediation systems, sometimes for decades, is often the result of heterogenous or fine-grained geology, fractured bedrock, restrictive criteria that are regulated down to the part per trillion level, and contaminant mass that is caught up in fine-grain soil making painfully-slow diffusion the primary mass transfer mechanism. Our practitioners are adept at expediting investigations and accelerating site closure through a wide range of innovative technology applications. At many sites with languishing remedial systems, optimization is an option that may improve mass recovery, but it may not be the ideal solution, if contaminant source zones have been inadequately characterized. Geosyntec has repeatedly demonstrated that high-resolution characterization of these zones, followed by targeted source zone removal, can optimize remedy performance and lead to the safe closure of the system. Geosyntec is frequently called upon to critically evaluate and optimize existing systems, providing solutions that range from modification to the unit operations of an ex situ treatment train to reduce chemical and energy costs as influent concentrations decrease; or incorporating flexibility into injection systems by alternating passive and active flow fields or adding additional wells in targeted source zones. When performing remedial design of a new system, Geosyntec applies these same principles of future optimization at the forefront of the design process, positioning the client for long-term savings opportunities. System optimization includes a critical evaluation of the performance monitoring plan. At large sites with sprawling networks of monitoring wells, often sampled quarterly or more, Geosyntec has successfully utilized statistical models to develop streamlined monitoring networks that effectively monitor the system, are defensible to the regulatory community, and can save clients significant monitoring costs. Decades of experience in the implementation of new, emerging, and conventional technology allows our practitioners to frequently bridge the gap between the development and "first-to-field" stages of environmental solutions. In addition, Geosyntec's in-house laboratories provide physical and chemical testing that effectively monitors the performance of treatment processes, technologies, and systems. Our technical evaluation facilities regularly conduct chemical oxidation and bioreactor tests; examine the presence of organics and inorganics in wastewater; evaluate the effectiveness of remediation products; simulate the performance of conceptual designs; and analyze the likely behavior and end point of various treatment processes. Our lab teams communicate regularly to share knowledge and direct internal and external client projects to the most appropriate technology solutions. Working together, Geosyntec's engineers, scientists, and innovators leverage the power of chemical, physical, geological, and biological processes and reactions to detoxify, immobilize, and eliminate exposure risks to a wide range of chemicals in the environment, especially those difficult to treat by more conventional means. Geosyntec uses a combination of standard and developing technologies to create solutions at burdensome sites. These solutions often displace systems that have been running for many years and for which closure may have seemed impossible.

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